Caring for a Person Who is Dying
National Cancer Institute. Last days of life. Updated December 12, 2024. Accessed September 9, 2026. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/last-days-pdq
National Institute on Aging. Providing care and comfort at the end of life. Updated November 17, 2022. Accessed September 9, 2026. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/providing-care-and-comfort-end-life
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
Caring for a Person who has Anxiety
MedlinePlus. Palliative care—fear and anxiety. Updated January 27, 2025. Accessed September 9, 2026. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm
National Cancer Institute. Last days of life. Updated December 12, 2024. Accessed September 9, 2026. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/last-days-pdq
National Institute on Aging. Providing care and comfort at the end of life. Updated November 17, 2022. Accessed September 9, 2026. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/providing-comfort-end-life
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
Caring for Someone with CHF
American Heart Association. Advanced Heart Failure. Updated June 19, 2025. Accessed September 3, 2026. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/living-with-heart-failure-and-managing-advanced-hf/advanced-heart-failure
American Heart Association. Heart failure signs and symptoms. Updated May 29, 2025. Accessed September 3, 2026. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/warning-signs-of-heart-
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
Caring for Someone with COPD
American Lung Association. Advanced Lung Care: A Guide for People Living With Advanced Lung Disease. Accessed September 3, 2026. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/wellness/managing-advanced-lung-disease
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 2026 Report. Published 2026. Accessed September 3, 2026. https://goldcopd.org/2026-gold-report-and-pocket-guide/
Caring for Someone with Cancer
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
National Cancer Institute. Providing Care and Comfort at the End of Life. National Institute on Aging. Accessed September 2, 2026. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/providing-comfort-end-life
National Cancer Institute. About Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Accessed September 2, 2026.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer
Caring for Someone with Dementia
Alzheimer’s Association. Late-stage Alzheimer’s & dementia caregiving. Accessed September 2, 2026. https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/stages-behaviors/late-stage
Fang S, Zhi S, Song D, et al. Dignity-preserving care of people with dementia in different nursing environments: a qualitative systematic review. Contemp Nurse. 2024;60(3):300-317. doi:10.1080/10376178.2024.2327357
National Institute on Aging. Care in the last stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Updated July 17, 2024. Accessed September 2, 2026.
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
Caring for Someone with Parkinson’s Disease
Corcoran J, Huang AH, Miyasaki JM, Tarolli CG. Palliative care in Parkinson disease and related disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2023;191:107-128. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-824535-4.00017-3.
Garon M, Weck C, Rosqvist K, et al. A systematic practice review: providing palliative care for people with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers. Palliat Med. 2024;38(1):57-68. doi:10.1177/02692163231214408.
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
Parkinson’s Foundation. Caring for advanced-stage Parkinson’s disease. Updated July 2026. Accessed September 1, 2026.
Caring for Someone with ALS
Mercadante S, Al-Husinat L. Palliative Care in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2023;66(4):e485-e499. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.06.029
Shoesmith C. Palliative care principles in ALS. Handb Clin Neurol. 2023;191:139-155. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-824535-4.00007-0
Stokes T, ed. Core Curriculum for the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant and Study Guide. 5th ed. Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association; 2024.
The ALS Association. ALS Resource Guide 11: Approaching End of Life in ALS. 2024. Accessed August 31, 2026. https://store.als.org/storeitem.html?iid=97948&vid=20240319404